The Antanosy, which means “those of the island,” are an ethnic group from Madagascar primarily settled around Taolagnaro (Fort-Dauphin). They trace their ancestry to Raminia, a common ancestor of several groups in southeastern Madagascar. While some Antanosy, such as the Tavaratra, Tambolo, and Tatsimo, remained along the coast as rice farmers and fishermen, others migrated west in the 19th century to escape Merina rule. They settled along the Onilahy River and its tributaries, in areas previously inhabited by the Bara and Mahafaly. Their presence contributed to Betioky’s rise as a major agricultural hub in the Toliara province, particularly in rice cultivation and zebu breeding.
The Antanosy have a history of resisting foreign influences. In 1643, Portuguese traders kidnapped the youngest son of King Andriantsiambany after he refused to send his eldest son to India for education and Christian conversion. This event triggered long conflicts between the Antanosy and European settlers. When the kidnapped son eventually returned to rule, he helped ease tensions with the French, though a certain distrust of foreigners remained.
Ancestor worship plays a significant role in Antanosy traditions, especially through their unique funeral rites. The deceased are buried in “kibory,” collective graves located far from villages. A commemorative stone is then erected to honor them and seek their protection. Before each burial, a wake is held, accompanied by the “Sarandra,” a traditional funeral song.
The Antanosy also practice the “Bilo” possession ritual, where music and dance invoke spirits for healing or resolving communal issues.
Known as skilled sailors and fishermen, the Antanosy make use of Fort-Dauphin’s rich marine resources, particularly lobsters, shrimp, and crabs. Every year between May and June, they celebrate the “Feria Oramena” or Lobster Festival. Meanwhile, women excel in basket-making and weaving “lamba,” a traditional textile, while also participating in farming activities.
In addition to fishing and agriculture (rice, sweet potatoes, manioc), some Antanosy are blacksmiths and carpenters, preserving skills passed down for generations.
