The valiha, an iconic instrument of Madagascar, is to the Malagasy what the guitar is to the Spanish. Once very common in the rural areas of the Highlands, the valiha is now less widespread. More than just a string instrument, it is a cultural symbol deeply rooted in Malagasy identity. Traditionally made from large bamboo, which must be sourced from far away in the large forests, it typically measures between 5 to 8 centimeters in diameter and between 1.20 m and 1.50 m in length. The bamboo’s nodes, spaced 40 to 60 cm apart, form the soundboard, and the fibers, spaced about a centimeter apart, are cut lengthwise to form the strings. These fibers are held in place by a fine but very strong vine (vahy), wrapped five or six times at both ends.
To achieve the musical scale, pieces of dried rectangular gourds serve as movable bridges, making it easy to tune the instrument. In this way, the valiha resembles a long zither and produces a soft and melodious sound that evokes the tranquility of the Malagasy landscapes.
Used during various ceremonies, celebrations, and moments of relaxation, the valiha accompanies songs and dances, such as hira gasy, telling stories of daily life and ancient legends. Its gentle melodies captivate listeners, evoking the sounds of nature and the serenity of the islands. For the Malagasy, playing the valiha is also a way to connect with their ancestors and perpetuate a musical tradition. To amplify the naturally weak and reedy sound, the valiha must be played resting on an empty trunk or a box, giving it more depth and resonance.
Today, unfortunately, the valiha has become a rare object, replaced by modern guitars, and many young Malagasy people do not know what a valiha is. Specialized workshops still produce them, but many substitute the bamboo fibers with mandolin or guitar strings. Some have even managed to create a type of zither with a sound that is evidently superior to that of the traditional valiha.
